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Fundamentals of Harmony

For composers & performers who want to go back to basics. Despite decades of training, many of us feel like we are missing something essential.  In this series, we will be mastering basic harmony the French way: building above & below.

 

I studied harmony in France for 5 years, with Narcis Bonet (legendary student of Nadia Boulanger), and others, and fell in love with the beauty & simplicity of the French method. I am now building a harmony supercourse  that will allow composers & performers to get proper training without having to move or get a private teacher. 

 

I expect the course to be completed by Spring/Summer 2026, and there will be a paid option, as well as a public option.  

 

If you feel like you are missing a piece of the puzzle, then take the leap and start doing the exercises. That is how you grow.

 

Barney B. Johnson

(last updated: Sept 24th, 2025)

For 2026, I will be correcting homework for qualified submissions on the next live tutorial:

Submit homework:
Guidelines: 1) the exercise is copied correctly and is complete. Complete means either you have found the entire soprano or bass, or you have filled in all of the missing voices. 2) no parallel fifths/octaves 3) deceptive cadence is properly voiced

Submit here

-Barney



 

How Harmony Prepares
You for Orchestration

Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
00:59 Orchestration of Melodies
5:27 Orchestration of Climaxes
11:04 Voice Leading in Harmony Exercises
14:22 Middle Voices in Harmony Exercises
18:10 Get Better at Orchestration

Hi Composers,

In this 20 minute video, I show you why harmony is the ultimate preparation for orchestration. Many of us who come from an American tradition will 'learn' orchestration through score study or analysis, and this is a vast 'gaspillage du temps' as we would say in French, as it does not actually lead to liberation.

​

A proper training in harmony, not intellectual, but hands-on, gives you the tools to hear the orchestration you want and manage the many, many problems that sprout up. 

 

Orchestration is like being in charge of a vast kingdom: there are many actors and problems to deal with, and you cannot go thrashing about from problem to problem, with no clear understanding of what is important and what is less important.

 

In addition, you need as much as possible of the base skills, such as voice leading, and fillling in middle voices, to be on auto-pilot, so you can breathe and think clearly: this is where harmony comes in.

​

I recommend watching the entire video so that you can follow the thought process and evidence that I present in its entirety, but if you are pressed for time, the most important sections are "Orchestrating a Climax" and "Voice Leading in Harmony Exercises." Use the chapter markings.

​

I hope that you are successful in composing and orchestrating a beautfiul and highly original composition, and do not forget that no matter how good your orchestration is, you still need to get a performance.

​​​

You can leave any questions as a comment in the video itself.

-Barney (updated March 6th, 2026)

How Harmony Prepares You for Fugue

Hi Composers,

In this short video, I show the connection between harmony exercises (in the French style) and readiness for fugue. If you are banking on endless counterpoint, and you aren't working on harmony, then this video is for you.

You can leave any questions as a comment in the video itself.

-Barney (updated Feb 23rd, 2026)

Cadences for Root Position Chords

Ep 1
THUMB-1. PerfectAuthenticCadence-Rules&Use-CADENCES-Feb14.png
Ep 4
THUMB-4. HalfCadence-Rules&Use-CADENCES-Feb14.png
Ep 2
THUMB-2. BACHCHORALE-PerfectAuthenticCadence-CADENCES-Feb14.png
Ep 5
THUMB-5. PlagalCadence-Rules&Use-CADENCES-Feb14.png
Ep 3
THUMB-3. DeceptiveCadence-Rules&Use-CADENCES-Feb14.png
Ep 6
THUMB-6. ImperfectAuthenticCadence-Rules&Use-CADENCES-Feb14.png

Hi everyone, I have just made a 6 part shorts series explaining the 5 essential cadences you will need for root position chords exercises. I go over the rules as well as when to use them. This will serve as the official repository of knowledge for root position chords, and I will not be releasing it publicly on Youtube. If you are in a rush, I recommend watching Ep 6, The Imperfect Authentic Cadence, as this is the one that everyone is less familiar with.

​

Ep 1: Perfect Authentic Cadence: Rules & Use

Ep 2: Perfect Authentic Cadence in a Bach Chorale

Ep 3: Deceptive Cadence: Rules & Use

Ep 4: Half Cadence: Rules & Use

Ep 5: Plagal Cadence: Rules & Use

Ep 6: Imperfect Authentic Cadence: Rules & Use

​

Do you think you are ready to take on Harmony in the French style?

You can try the exercises below.

​

Have a nice day, 

Barney (updated Feb 14th, 2026)

SQUARETHUMB-CadencesforRootPositionChords.jpg

Click below
for full playlist


 

Harmony Exercises (Season 2)

Exercise1-Season2-HowtoVoiceRootPositionChords - Full Score.jpg

Learn Harmony in the French Style:
Season 2: Modulations & Sequences
for Root Position Chords


 

HW due date:
If you would like your work corrected on the next live Tutorial, you must send it in by Thursday, June 15th, 9:30pm EST

Before doing so, make sure that you are fulfilling the submission guidelines
-exercise is complete (outer voices, or 4 voices)
-no parallel fifths/octaves
-deceptive cadence is properly voiced

Thank you.






 

Answers to the exercises are provided in the tutorials.  Look at the chapter markings to go straight to the answers.

Harmony Exercises (Season 1)

Level One

Soprano Exercise #1
HOMEWORK1-Harmony-website.jpg
Bass Exercise #1
HOMEWORK3-Harmony-website.jpg
HOMEWORK2-Harmony-website.jpg

Soprano Exercise #2

Bass Exercise #2
HOMEWORK4-Harmony-website.jpg

Level Two

Soprano Exercise #1
HOMEWORK6-Harmony-website.jpg
Bass Exercise #1
HOMEWORK6-Harmony-website.jpg

Tutorial Guide (from Season 1)

LEVEL ONE

Episode 1: Soprano Exercise #1

Episode 2: Soprano Exercises #1 & #2

Episode 3: Soprano Exercise # 2 & Bass Exercise #1

Episode 4: not currently available

​

​LEVEL TWO

Episode 5: Soprano Exercise #1

Episode 6: Soprano Exercise #1

Episode 7: Soprano Exercise #1

Episode 8: Soprano Exercise #1

Episode 9: Soprano Exercise #1

Episode 10: Soprano Exercise #1

Episode 11: not currently available

Once you complete an exercise to the best of your capabilities (outer voices complete, or all 4 voices completed), scroll below to find the episode that you want to get the answers for 
 

Answer Key (from Season 1)

ANSWERS-SopranoExercise1-Gminor-LEVELONE-BASS&SOPRANO - Full Score.jpg
ANSWERS-SopranoExercise1-Gminor-LEVELONE-ALLVOICES - Full Score.jpg

Bass & Soprano
 

Soprano Exercise #1
 

Bass, Tenor, Alto, Soprano
 

How to Voice Root Position Chords
Season 2, Ep. 1
premiered January 9th, 2026

HW for Ep 2:

Find the best soprano
for Bass Exercise 1
from Season 2

Submission Date:
Jan 15th, 9:30pm EST







 

How to Voice Root Position Chords
Episode 10: 
premiered December 12th

Episode Guide

1:06 Introduction

5:53 Play the Exercise

6:17 Determine the Key

6:39 Test Out the Soprano

10:03 Keep the Same Positions

18:03 Voice Across Two Sections

23:19 Get the Final Cadence

HWforEp11-HowtoVoiceRootPositionChords-Dec12 - Full Score.jpg

for Ep 11.

How to Voice Root Position Chords
Episode 9: Pedals on the Dominant
premiered December 5th

for Ep 10.

HWforEp10-HowtoVoiceRootPositionChords-COMPOSITION&ITSALLIES.jpg

How The French Learn Harmony
Episode 8: Fill in the Middle Voices
premiered November 28th

HW for Ep 9.

pictureHOMEWORKFOREP9.jpg

How To Voice Root Position Chords
Episode 6: Listen Below the Soprano in Minor Keys
premiered November 14th

for Ep 7.

HowtoVoiceRootPositionChords-HOMEWORKforEpisode7-Nov14 - Full Score.jpg

Homework Submission Due Date:
Thursday, Nov 20th, 10pm EST

Please send PDFS only. Send here:

How To Voice Root Position Chords
Episode 5: Listen Below the Soprano in Minor Keys
premiered November 7th

Homework for Episode 6
HowtoVoiceRootPositionChords-HOMEWORKforepisode6.jpg

How To Voice Root Position Chords
Episode 3: Listen Above the Bass in Minor Keys
premiered September 26th

Episode Guide

coming shortly

Homework 

Please submit your homework in PDF format before Sunday, October 5th at 10 pm. Please note, I will not give individual corrections, but I will correct the homework on the next livestream, and record it. You will also receive a link to the Zoom Live Session.

HOMEWORK.HowtoVoiceRootPositionChords-Ep4.jpg

How To Voice Root Position Chords
Episode 2: Listen Below the Soprano in Minor Keys
premiered September 12th

Episode Guide

0:00 Introduction

3:50 Homework Answers pt 1

15:24 Homework Answers pt 2

37:06 Homework for Episode 3

Homework 

Please submit your homework in PDF format before September 19th, 6pm. Please note, I will not give individual corrections, but I will correct the homework on the next livestream, and record it. You will also receive a link to the Zoom Live Session.

HOMEWORK from Lesson 2 how to voice root position chords - Full Score.jpg

How To Voice Root Position Chords
Lesson 1: Listen Below the Soprano in Minor Keys
premiered August 29th

Episode Guide

0:00 Introduction

2:45 Figure Out the Key

5:25 Make a Chart of the Available Chords

7:56 Figure Out the Cadences

9:43 Perfect Authentic Cadences

11:18 Half Cadences

12:34 Deceptive Cadences

13:53 Plagal Cadence

14:09 What are the Cadences?

16:36 Fill in What We Know

18:14 Bass Too Close to Soprano

19:41 Minimum Distance of Bass to Soprano

20:17 Phrases

21:49 Test Out The Chords

24:37 Revise the Octave of the Bass

26:25 Realize the First Phrase

35:14 Homework 1

40:01 Homework 2

Homework

Please submit your homework in PDF format before September 6th, 6pm. Please note, I will not give individual corrections, but I will correct the homework on the next livestream, and record it.

Resources

Rules for Root Position Chords

How to Properly Voice a 
Deceptive Cadence

BLANK STAFF PAPER OFFICIAL-22Staves.jpg

Blank Staff Paper
(22 Staves)

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